The importance of automation and robots in most manufacturing industries is growing. Industrial robots have replaced humans inside a wide array of industries. Robots out perform humans in jobs that want precision, speed, endurance and reliability. Robots safely perform dirty and dangerous jobs. Traditional manufacturing robotic applications include material handling (pick and put), assembling, painting, welding, packaging, palletizing, product inspection and testing. Industrial robots are utilized within a diverse array of industries including automotive, electronics, medical, food production, biotech, pharmaceutical and machinery.

The ISO concept of a manipulating industrial robot is "an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator". Based on the definition it could be fixed set up or mobile to be used in industrial automation applications. These industrial robots are programmable in several axes. These are multi-functional pieces of equipment that may be custom-built and programmed to execute a number of operations.



The main advantages of industrial robots is because they may be designed to suit industry specific requirements and may work continuously for decades, consistently meeting high manufacturing quality standards. The economic lifespan of an industrial robot is approximately 12-16 years. Due to their persistent accuracy industrial robots have become variety a part of manufacturing.

Industrial robots has sorted out into different categories depending on their mechanical structure. The most important kinds of industrial robots are:

Gantry (Cartesian) Robot: These are stationary robots having three components of motion. They work from an overhead grid having a rectangular work envelope. They are mainly utilized to perform 'pick and place' actions. Gantry robots supply their axes across the work causing them to be also perfect for dispensing applications.
SCARA Robots: (Selectively Compliant Articulated Robot Arm) These robots have 4 axes to move. They move in the x-y-z coordinated circular work envelope. You can use them for factory automation requiring pick and set work, application and assembly operations and handling machine tools.
Articulated robots: An articulated robot has rotary joints. It could have from two to 10 or even more interactive joints. Articulated robots are well suited to welding, painting and assembly.

Basic industrial robot designs can be customized with the addition of different peripherals. End effectors, optical systems, and motion controllers are crucial add-ons. End effectors will be the end-of-arm-tooling (EOAT) attached with robotic arms. Grippers or wrenches which can be utilized to move or assemble parts are examples of end effectors. End effectors were created and accustomed to sense and interact with the external environment. The finish effectors' design is dependent upon the approval requirements from the specific industry. Machine Vision systems are robotic optical systems. They are built-on digital input/output devices and computer networks utilized to control other manufacturing equipment including robotic arms. Machine vision is employed for your inspection of manufactured goods such as semiconductor chips. Motion controllers are employed to move robots and position stages smoothly and accurately with sub-micron repeatability.

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